Sources and licences
Every example on this site is quoted from one of the sources below, under its licence, and names its source. Each source has a trust tier; only the first three tiers are shown.
Trust tiers
- our own, reviewed — example pairs written or submitted and reviewed by hand by us before they are shown; preferred first.
- checked, professional translation — professional or published translations: the European Parliament and Commission, the United Nations, published Bibles and books.
- checked, community translation — translations by a community whose authors are named with every sentence (Tatoeba).
- unchecked — mined from the web, aligned automatically, or with terms we have not confirmed: never shown. Subtitles are never used.
The sources
| Source | Pairs | Style | Tier | Credit and licence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tatoeba | en-fr, en-uk, fr-uk | everyday | checked, community translation | Tatoeba, CC BY 2.0 FR |
| World English Bible and Louis Segond 1910 | en-fr, en-uk, fr-uk | biblical | checked, professional translation | World English Bible; Louis Segond 1910; public domain, eBible.org |
| Project Gutenberg books (Verne, Hugo, Maupassant and their translators) | en-fr | literary | checked, professional translation | Project Gutenberg, public domain |
| Europarl v8 | en-fr | parliamentary | checked, professional translation | Source: European Parliament proceedings, Europarl v8 (Koehn 2005) via OPUS (Tiedemann 2012) |
| DGT-TM v2021 | en-fr | legal and administrative | checked, professional translation | Source: European Commission, DGT-TM (Steinberger et al. 2012), re-used under Commission Decision 2011/833/EU; the Commission keeps ownership of the data |
| United Nations Parallel Corpus v1.0 | en-fr | UN documents | checked, professional translation | Source: United Nations, United Nations Parallel Corpus v1.0 (Ziemski, Junczys-Dowmunt and Pouliquen 2016) |
| Elamur examples | en-fr, en-uk, fr-uk | our examples | our own, reviewed | Elamur, written and reviewed by us |
Notices
- Tatoeba sentences are under CC BY 2.0 FR; each example names its two authors and links to the sentences on tatoeba.org. Sentences whose author is unknown are not shown.
- DGT-TM: © European Union; re-use is authorised under Commission Decision 2011/833/EU; source: the European Commission's Directorate-General for Translation, DGT-TM v2021. The Commission keeps ownership of the data.
- Europarl: proceedings of the European Parliament, compiled by Philipp Koehn (Europarl v8), distributed by OPUS.
- United Nations Parallel Corpus v1.0: the United Nations is the source; Ziemski, Junczys-Dowmunt and Pouliquen, LREC 2016.
- The World English Bible, the Louis Segond Bible of 1910 and the Kulish–Puluj Bible of 1905 are in the public domain (eBible.org). The books of Project Gutenberg shown are public domain; the Project Gutenberg trademark is not used.
Not used: texts mined from the web (for example WikiMatrix, ParaCrawl, Global Voices), subtitles, and sources whose terms are unstated, research-only or not yet confirmed. Machine translations are never shown as examples.
This page as Markdown: https://md.translate.elamur.ai/free/en/sources/